Can the Sarcoidosis Health Questionnaire predict the long-term outcomes in Japanese sarcoidosis patients?

The Sarcoidosis Health Questionnaire (SHQ) is the first sarcoidosis-specific health status questionnaire ever developed. Worse health status, as evaluated by the SHQ, may indicate higher risk for deterioration in the following 5 years. To evaluate the association between SHQ scores and deterioration defined clinically at 5-year follow-up. 122 patients with biopsy-supported sarcoidosis completed the SHQ and underwent evaluation with respect to organ involvement, chest radiograph, electrocardiogram, serum biomarker measurements, pulmonary function tests, and echocardiogram. Of these 122, 88 (72.1%) were available for pulmonary, cardiac, and non-pulmonary, non-cardiac deterioration assessment during the following 5 years. Five-year deterioration was observed in 20 patients (23%). The SHQ total score was significantly associated with 5-year deterioration, after adjusting for cardiac involvement at baseline, with adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 0.54 (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.29–0.99). The association of the total SHQ with 5-year outcome was not significant when adjusted for left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) at baseline (adjusted OR, 0.61 [0.32–1.16]), whereas LVEF was significantly associated with 5-year outcome (adjusted OR, 0.92 [0.86–0.99]). The association between total SHQ score and 5-year deterioration was marginal when adjusted for baseline usage of systemic corticosteroid (CS)/immunosuppressive (IS) agents (adjusted OR, 0.58 [0.31–1.10]), whereas systemic CS/IS usage significantly predicted 5-year deterioration (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 3.46 [1.12–10.7]). There was a marginal correlation between the total SHQ and LVEF (rho = 0.19, p = 0.07) and a weak association between the total SHQ and systemic CS/IS usage (rho = −0.23, p = 0.03). The Physical Functioning domain scores of the SHQ were significantly associated with 5-year deterioration (adjusted OR, 0.45–0.51). Worse health status, as assessed by the SHQ score, can be a risk factor for 5-year deterioration of sarcoidosis, although usage of the CS/IS at baseline and lower LVEF at baseline are more predictive of 5-year deterioration. •Worse health status is a risk factor for 5-year deterioration of sarcoidosis.•The Sarcoidosis Health Questionnaire is predictive for long-term outcomes.•Systemic therapy at baseline is associated with long-term deterioration.•Light ventricular dysfunction is also a risk factor for 5-year deterioration.