Current understanding of the role of gut dysbiosis in type 1 diabetes

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic autoimmune disorder that results from destruction of the insulin‐producing pancreatic β‐cells. The disease mainly affects juveniles. Changes in the composition of the gut microbiota (dysbiosis) and changes in the properties of the gut barrier have been documented in T1D subjects. Because these factors affect immune system functions, they are likely to play a role in disease pathogenesis. However, their exact role is currently not fully understood and is under intensive investigation. In this article we discuss recent advancements depicting the role of intestinal dysbiosis on immunity and autoimmunity in T1D. We also discuss therapies aimed at maintaining a healthy gut barrier as prevention strategies for T1D. 摘要 1型糖尿病(T1D)是一种慢性的自身免疫性疾病，是由于产生胰岛素的胰腺β细胞被破坏所导致。这种疾病主要在青少年中发病。在T1D受试者中发现，肠道菌群组成有所变化(菌群失调)并且肠道屏障特征也有变化。由于这些因素可以影响免疫系统功能，它们可能对疾病发病机制有影响。然而，目前尚未完全了解它们的确切作用机制，但已在进行深入的硏究。在这篇文章中我们讨论了有关肠道菌群失调对T1D免疫与自身免疫影响的最新研究进展。我们还讨论了维持一个健康的肠道屏障作为T1D预防策略的治疗方法。 Highlights Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is characterized by immune‐‐mediated destruction of pancreatic β‐cells. Gut dysbiosis and increased intestinal permeability are associated with T1D. Strategies for modulating the gut microbiome could help in the treatment of T1D.