Association between serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and bone health in the general population: a large and multicenter study

Summary This study was a cross-sectional study and enrolled 14,147 participants after excluding. We performed a large number of data analyses to indicate that HDL-C levels were related to bone health. A high HDL-C level is an independent risk factor for bone loss both in males and females. Introduction Serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), usually called “good” cholesterol, is beneficial for preventing cardiovascular diseases. Previous studies have indicated that HDL-C levels may be related to bone mass. We performed a cross-sectional study to examine the relationship between HDL-C levels and bone mass, both in men and women. Methods A total of 14,147 Chinese participants from five medical centers were enrolled in this study. Pearson’s correlation analyses, linear regression analyses, one-way ANOVAs, and logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the relationship between HDL-C levels and bone mass in various cohorts. Results Binary logistic regression analyses (after adjusting the confounding factors) indicated that a higher HDL-C level among males leads to a higher risk of at least osteopenia [OR (95% CI) = 1.807 (1.525, 2.142)] and osteoporosis [OR (95% CI) = 1.932 (1.291, 2.892)]. In the female group, the ORs of HDL-C for at least osteopenia [OR (95% CI) = 1.390 (1.100, 1.757)] and osteoporosis [OR (95% CI) = 1.768 (1.221, 2.560)] were still significant after adjusting for potential confounding factors except BMI. Data-standardized bivariate logistic regression analyses indicated that an increase in age is a stronger risk factor for osteoporosis and at least osteopenia than is higher HDL-C levels in females. Conclusions A high HDL-C level is an independent risk factor for bone loss both in males and females. Compared with high HDL-C levels, an increase in age and menopause have a much more negative effect on bone mass in females.