Secreting oviduct epithelial cells of Coturnix coturnix japonica (QOEC) and changes to their proteome after nonviral transfection

The quail oviduct (Coturnix c. japonica) is a natural candidate avian bioreactor, while the secretive quail oviduct epithelial cells (QOECs) are potential in vitro producers of recombinant proteins and vaccines. In view of the need for highly performing and transformable cell lines, QOEC may potentially act as an alternative bioreactor platform to the existing ones, for example, to the Chinese hamster ovary. The aim of this work was to characterize QOECs and their response to nucleofection with a nonviral plasmid DNA carrying the human interferon‐α 2a gene (hIFNλ2a), in vitro. Primary QOEC cultures from laying quails (10‐15 weeks old) were characterized by their proliferation rate, doubling time, and multilineage differentiation. Electroporation to cell nuclei (nucleofection) was used to deliver nonviral plasmid DNA containing a reporter GFP and hIFN under the ovalbumin promoter. The posttransfection analysis included polymerase chain reaction, Western blot analysis, and liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. QOEC showed a typical epithelial characteristic in a primary 2D monolayer culture system and retained secretive potential up to the first passage. QOEC showed differentiation into osteoblastic lineage after stimulation. The nucleofection mean efficiency was low (2.3%). Differences of up to 10% in the proteomic profiles between nontransfected and transfected QOEC were found, the most important of these were related to the absence of keratins and cell‐adhesion proteins in the transfected QOEC. Concluding, with the practical information provided here, QOEC have the potential to serve as an avian secreting cellular platform. QOEC may be further transformed to cell lineage to meet the requirement for a stable, electrocompetent, and transfectable model. The first proteomic comparison of QOEC delivered in this study showed, in the majority, a stable proteome of the nontransfected vs transfected QOEC. We characterized secretive quail oviduct epithelial cells (QOECs) and their response to nucleofection with a nonviral plasmid DNA carrying human interferon‐α 2a gene, in vitro. Up to 10% differences in the proteomic profiles between nontransfected and transfected QOEC were found using liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. Characteristics including differential potential and proteomic analysis are provided for the first time for the avian oviduct cells in vitro.