Outcomes of Community and Healthcare-onset Clostridium difficile Infections

Between 2011 and 2014, of the Clostridium difficile infections (CDI) cases in the Veterans Health Administration system, 44% were hospital-onset and 42% were community-onset (CO). CDI prevention efforts should include interventions to reduce CO CDIs. Abstract Background Community-onset Clostridium d...

Ausführliche Beschreibung

Gespeichert in:
Bibliographische Detailangaben
Veröffentlicht in:Clinical infectious diseases 2019-04, Vol.68 (8), p.1343-1350
Hauptverfasser: Mora Pinzon, Maria C, Buie, Ronald, Liou, Jinn-ing, Shirley, Daniel K, Evans, Charlesnika T, Ramanathan, Swetha, Poggensee, Linda, Safdar, Nasia
Format: Artikel
Sprache:eng
Online-Zugang:Volltext
Tags: Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
Beschreibung
Zusammenfassung:Between 2011 and 2014, of the Clostridium difficile infections (CDI) cases in the Veterans Health Administration system, 44% were hospital-onset and 42% were community-onset (CO). CDI prevention efforts should include interventions to reduce CO CDIs. Abstract Background Community-onset Clostridium difficile infections (CDI) are increasingly common, but there is little data on outcomes. The purpose of this study is to describe the epidemiology and outcomes of CDI in the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) system and compare these variables between hospital-onset (HCF) and community-onset (CO) cases. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study that included all patients with a positive test for C. difficile (toxin or toxin genes) within the VHA Corporate Data Warehouse between 2011 and 2014. Results We identified 19270 episodes of CDI, involving 15972 unique patients; 95% were male, 44% of the cases were HCF, and 42% were CO. Regarding severity, 31% percent of cases were non-severe, 40% were severe, and 21% were fulminant. Exposure to proton pump inhibitors was found in 53% of cases (47% in CO, 62% in HCF). Overall, 40% of patients received antibiotics in the 90 days before CDI (44% in HCF, 36% in CO). Recurrence was 18.2%, and 30-day all-cause mortality was 9.2%. Risk factors for a fulminant case were exposure to clindamycin (odds ratio [OR]: 1.23, P = .01) or proton pump inhibitors (OR: 1.20, P < .001) in the 90 days prior to diagnosis. Conclusions CO accounts for a significant proportion of CDI in the VHA system. CO patients are younger and their cases are less severe, but recurrence is more common than in HCF CDI. Therefore CO CDI may account for a considerable reservoir of CDI cases, and prevention efforts should include interventions to reduce CO CDI.
ISSN:1058-4838
1537-6591
DOI:10.1093/cid/ciy715