The effects of an alternative diet regimen with natural methionine ingredients on white striping breast myopathy in broiler chickens

ABSTRACT Conventional broiler diets include synthetic methionine to optimize fast muscle growth. Recently, a conventional synthetic methionine-rich diet was compared to alternative diet regimens providing natural sources of methionine. Broilers fed diets with natural methionine sources grew at a slightly slower rate. From this study, we hypothesized that the difference in a growth rate would be reflected in features of the breast muscle from broilers fed the alternative diet. We hypothesized that white striping of pectoralis major muscle would be reduced in slower growing broilers fed the alternative diet regimen with natural methionine. We also hypothesized that there would be associated differences in gene expression for cell differentiation and pathology markers. Broilers fed a conventional corn/soy diet regimen with synthetic methionine were compared to those fed roasted cowpea and sunflower seed meal (60% corn/soy, 20% sunflower seed meal, and 20% roasted cowpea) and no synthetic methionine. Overall broiler growth, muscle gene expression, and muscle collagen content data were compared. Expression analyses of combinations of MYOD1, PPARG, COL1A2, TRIM63, SOD1, PTGS2, and CD36 genes were used to examine differentiation and inflammation in the pectoralis muscles. The group fed an alternative diet gained less weight than those fed the control diet in the starter and grower phases but not in the finisher phase. Ultimately, the conventional diet resulted in a greater final weight for the broilers. However, mean white striping scores for the pectoralis major muscles were greater in the conventional control diet regimen. Gene expression results indicated greater expression of PPARG, PTGS2, and CD36 in the muscle of broilers fed the control diet. These data associate white striping with fat deposition and inflammation. Thus, whether due to differences in feed intake, growth rate, or actual compositional differences, the alternative diet with natural methionine sources seemed to curtail amounts of white striping in broiler muscle. More studies are necessary to further discern the effect of growth rate and natural methionine sources on white striping.