Pediatric Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Otolaryngologic Manifestations: An Analysis of Hospital Admissions From 1997 to 2012

Objectives/Hypothesis Many human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–infected pediatric patients develop otolaryngologic disease. We aimed to characterize their otolaryngologic manifestations by type and demographic variation, and model temporal trends. Study Design Retrospective cohort review. Methods A retrospective review utilizing the Kids’ Inpatient Database (KID) was conducted. International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes for HIV and otolaryngologic diagnoses were used to query data from the triennially published KID files from 1997 to 2012. A subset analysis of infectious versus non‐infectious admitting otolaryngologic diagnoses was conducted. Results A total of 11,150 cases met the inclusion criteria. Of these cases, 21.8% were admitted for otolaryngologic manifestations, with 18.0% presenting with infectious symptomatology, 4.8% with noninfectious disease, and 1.0% with both. On average, patients presenting with infectious disease were younger (8.17 years vs. 9.65 years, P < .001). Patients in the South were significantly more likely to be admitted for infection (54.8% vs. 42.0%, P < .001), with non‐infectious predominance in the Northeast and West. HIV‐infected children in 1997 were more likely to present with infectious otolaryngologic disease (56.3% vs. 45.8%, P < .001); however, there has been a decrease in the prevalence of infectious head and neck presentations (46.5%, 19.9%, 11.5%, 6.7%, 3.7%, and 1.9% from 1997 to 2012), and a gradual shift toward noninfectious manifestation with notable differences in 2000 and 2012 (19.9% vs. 25.2%; P = .017; and 1.9% vs. 4.8%, P < .001, respectively). Conclusions Otolaryngologic disease accounts for nearly one‐fifth of hospitalizations in HIV‐infected children; however, rates of hospitalization as well as otolaryngologic manifestations have progressively decreased over time. HIV‐infected children nowadays are more likely to present with noninfectious rather than infectious disease. Level of Evidence NA Laryngoscope, 129:E377–E382, 2019