Potential models of the geographic and climatic distribution of the Amblyomma cajennense complex (Acari: Ixodidae), a potential vector of Rickettsia rickettsii in Colombia

Introduction: The species of the Amblyoma cajennense complex, potential vectors involved in the transmission of Rickettsia rickettsii in Central and South America, have a wide geographical distribution in the Neotropics. In Colombia, the knowledge about these species, their distribution, and many aspects of their ecology is still limited. Objective: To explore the ecology of A. cajennense complex in Colombia based on the study of its habitat selection, as well as the generation of potential geographic and climatic distribution models. Materials and methods: We used unique records of these ticks to study the selection patterns of the climatic habitat using the Ecological Niche Factor Analysis (ENFA), and we built distribution models using the MaxEnt and GARP algorithms. Results: The record of distributions showed that A. cajennense complex is present in all five natural regions of Colombia with 64.71% of the records found in the departments of Antioquia, Cundinamarca, and Huila. The analysis of their habitat selection showed that these ticks preferably select geographical areas (ENFA: 96.03%) according to the isothermality conditions and the precipitation of the driest quarter of the year. The potential distribution models indicated habitat suitability in 31 to 51% of the area of the country depending on the algorithm. Conclusions: The distribution of A. cajennense complex in Colombia is highly influenced by a climatebased habitat selection, a characteristic that favored the creation of distribution models. Field studies will allow the validation of the potential distribution models and further genetic studies will be required in the country to identify species within the complex and study their potential hybridization areas.