Unprecedented O:⇔:O compression and H↔H fragilization in Lewis solutions

Charge injection in terms of lone pairs ':', protons, and ions upon acid and base solvation mediates the hydrogen bonding network and properties of Lewis solutions, and is ubiquitously important in many subject areas of Chemical Physics. This work features the recent progress and future trends in this aspect with a focus on the solute-solvent interactions and hydrogen bond (O:H-O or HB) transition from the vibration mode of ordinary water to the hydrating states. A combination of the O:H-O bond cooperativity notion, differential phonon spectrometrics, calorimetric detection, and quantum computations clarified the solute capabilities of O:H-O bond transition in HX and YOH (X = Cl, Br, I and Y = Li, Na, K) solutions. The H + and the lone pair do not stay alone to move or shuttle freely between adjacent H 2 O molecules, but they are attached to a H 2 O molecule to form (H 3 O + and OH − )·4H 2 O tetrahedral motifs, which transits an O:H-O bond into the H↔H anti-HB point breaker in acidic solutions and into the O:⇔:O super-HB compressor and polarizer in basic solutions, respectively. H↔H disrupts the solvent network and surface stress, having the same effect of liquid heating on HB bond relaxation and thermal fluctuation on surface stress. The O:⇔:O compression lengthens and weakens the solute H-O bond, which heats up the solution during solvation. The H-O bonds due to H 3 O + contract by 3% and due to OH − shrink by 10%. The Y + and X − ions perform in the same manner as they do in salt solutions to form hydration shells through electrostatic polarization and hydrating H 2 O dipolar screen shielding. Focusing more on the O:H-O bond transition would be even more promising and revealing than on the manner and mobility of lone pair and proton transportation. Charge injection in terms of protons, lone pairs, cations and anions by acid and base solvation mediates the HB network and properties of Lewis solutions through H↔H fragilization, O:⇔:O compression and polarization, ionic polarization and hydrating H 2 O dipolar screen shielding, anion-anion repulsion, compressed solvent H-O bond elongation and undercoordinated solute H-O bond contraction.