Effects of oral immunomodulation therapy on urinary tract infections in individuals with chronic spinal cord injury—A retrospective cohort study

Aims To investigate the effect of an oral immunomodulation therapy with E. coli fractions on the frequency of urinary tract infections (UTIs) in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) in a retrospective cohort study with a follow‐up of 12 months. Methods The patient database of a tertiary urologic referral center was screened for patients with chronic (>12 months) SCI who were taking a lyophilized lysate of 18 E. coli strains from 2008 to 2016. Patient characteristics, annual number of patient‐reported UTIs and urine culture results were collected. The change in the number of UTIs, categorized as no UTIs, sporadic UTIs (1‐2/year) and recurrent UTIs (≥3/year), from before to during immunomodulation therapy was investigated. Furthermore, the effect of different possible confounders (eg, age, duration of SCI, use of catheters, and concurrent antibiotic treatment) was investigated. Results The data of 136 individuals with a mean age of 49 ± 14 years and a median time since SCI of 18 (15‐22) years were analyzed. The proportion of patients with recurrent UTIs decreased significantly (P