MiR‐145‐modulated SOX9‐mediated hypospadias through acting on mitogen‐activated protein kinase signaling pathway

This study primarily explored how miR‐145, mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling and a downstream transcription factor (i.e., SOX9) mediated development of hypospadias. The hypospadias tissues and preputial tissues were isolated from pediatric inpatients postoperatively. Simultaneously, the rat models of hypospadias were established, and spermatogonial stem cells were separated. The expressions of proteins that symbolized cell apoptosis and oxidative stress were quantified via western blot analysis. Furthermore, the apoptosis, proliferation, and viability of cells were evaluated by means of flow cytometry, 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and colony formation assays. The results of microarray indicated miR‐145 as a differentially expressed biomarker between hypospadias tissues and normal tissues (p