Role of hyperglycaemia in the relationship between serum osteocalcin levels and relative skeletal muscle index

Studies have shown that osteocalcin is involved in energy metabolism and is sufficient to prevent age-related muscle loss. The present study investigated the association of serum osteocalcin levels with muscle mass and the influence of metabolic factors on this association in humans. A total of 1742 middle-aged and elderly subjects (median age: 61.2 years; interquartile range: 56.9–65.3 years) were enrolled from Shanghai communities, including 775 men and 967 postmenopausal women. Serum osteocalcin levels were measured by an electrochemical immunoluminescence assay. An automatic bioelectric impedance analyser (BIA) was used to measure body compositions. Relative skeletal muscle index (SMI) was calculated using the BIA equation from Janssen et al. SMI was significantly higher in men than in postmenopausal women (37.30% [35.14%–39.63%] versus 27.72% [25.99%–29.66%], p