Age-specific HPV prevalence among 116,052 women in Australia’s renewed cervical screening program: A new tool for monitoring vaccine impact

•HPV based cervical screening can generate precise HPV prevalence estimates.•Among 116,118 samples from Australian women aged 25–74, 9.2% had oncogenic HPV.•HPV16/18 was stable with age, unlike other oncogenic types, due to HPV vaccination. Australia’s transition to primary human papillomavirus (HPV) based cervical screening, has for the first time, provided a passive mechanism for monitoring the impact of vaccination on infection prevalence among women attending screening. We assessed oncogenic HPV prevalence by single year of age in the first 7 months of the program, using data collected from a large screening laboratory in Victoria, Australia, which is routinely screening using cobas 4800, cobas 6800 and Seegene assays. Among 116,052 primary screening samples from women aged 25–74, 9.25% (95%CI: 9.09–9.42%) had oncogenic HPV detected: 2.14% (95%CI: 2.05–2.22%) were 16/18 positive and 7.12% (95%CI: 6.97–7.27%) were positive for only non-16/18 HPV. Prevalence peaked at age 25–29 then decreased with age, but this was driven by non-16/18 types. HPV16/18 prevalence remained low and flat across ages, contrasting with pre-vaccination epidemiology when HPV16/18 peaked in young women. HPV-based screening can precisely monitor HPV prevalence.