Soluble xyloglucan generates bigger bacterial community shifts than pectic polymers during in vitro fecal fermentation

•Xyloglucan and two pectic polymers were submitted to in vitro fecal fermentation.•Depending on pectic polymers structure, more acetate or propionate was produced.•Xyloglucan fermentation resulted in elevated rates of propionate production.•Specific bacterial groups were stimulated with each kind of tested dietary fiber.•Major microbiota shifts occurred during xyloglucan fermentation. Xyloglucans and pectic polymers can be obtained from a variety of plants ubiquitous in the human diet, however, their fermentability in the colon and consequent nutritional benefits are poorly understood. Here, we evaluated metabolite profiles and bacterial shifts during in vitro fecal fermentations of two isolated pectic polymers and a xyloglucan. Depending on their chemical structure, pectic polymers were more acetogenic or propiogenic. Xyloglucan fermentation also resulted in elevated propionate if compared to FOS. Bacteroides plebeius, B. uniformis, Parabacteroides distasonis and bacterial groups such as Blautia, Lachnospira, Clostridiales and Lachnospiraceae, presented distinct abundances on each dietary fiber ferment. PCA and heat map analysis showed that major microbiota shifts occurred during xyloglucan fermentation, but not pectin fermentation. These data suggest that uncommon carbohydrate structures (i.e. isolated, soluble xyloglucan) in the diet hold the potential to generate larger shifts in microbiota communities than commonly consumed fibers (i.e. pectins).