Intraoperative echocolordoppler (IED) in neurosurgical practice

The routine application of intraoperative echocolordoppler (IED) in neurosurgical operations is investigated. The best applications of IED include analysis of: deep smalls tumors or cavernous angiomas; cerebral or cerebellar tumors and meningiomas; cerebral AV malformations; and intradura spinal neurinomas and meningiomas. It is found that IED is an indispendable tool in the neurosurgical operations. It substitutes cerebral angiography in many cases of intracranial and spinal tumors and it is a unic aid in surgery of intracranial artero-venous malformations.