Diverse supramolecular structures self-assembled by a simple aryl chloride on Ag(111) and Cu(111)

Diverse self-assembled structures were obtained on Cu(111) and Ag(111) surfaces by using a simple and small 4,4''-dichloro-1,1':4',1''-terphenyl molecule. Surprisingly, a complicated supramolecular self-assembled vortex structure, composed of 15 molecules in a large unit, was realized through the collaboration of hydrogen bonding and halogen bonding.