Dermatobia Hominis Infestation Misdiagnosed as Abscesses in a Traveler to Spain

Dear Editor, A 29-year-old woman presented with abscesses on her buttock and leg attributed to flea bites inflicted 5 days earlier on return to Spain after 2 months in Guinea-Bissau. Ciprofloxacin was ineffective after 7 days, and she was referred for dermatologic evaluation. Examination revealed 4 round, indurated, erythematous-violet furunculoid lesions with a 1.5-2 mm central orifice draining serous material. She reported seeing larvae exiting a lesion, and we extracted several more (Figure 1). Parasitology identified Dermatobia (D.) hominis (Figure 2). Biopsy revealed intense dermal eosinophilic inflammatory infiltrate with a deep cystic appearance, surrounded by acute inflammatory infiltrate and necrotic material. Dermoscopy identified a foramen surrounded by dilated blood vessels and desquamation. A yellowish structure with a luminescent central ring was noted. Ultrasonography identified oval, hypoechoic, and hypovascular structures with inner echoic lines corresponding to cavities with debris and/or larval remains. Larvae were extracted before ultrasonography (Figure 1, b). Recommended treatment included topical antiseptic, occlusion of the infected area with paraffin, and 1% topical ivermectin; treatment resulted in incomplete resolution after 7 days. Furunculoid myiasis is more common in developing countries (1). Cases in Spain are usually imported, since the flies that produce this type of myiasis are not found locally. The species most frequently involved are D. hominis from Central and South America (botfly) and Cordylobia anthropophaga from the sub-Saharan region (tumbu fly) (2). We believe this was the first case in Spain imported from Guinea-Bissau. Several cases have been reported in Spain. Marco de Lucas et al. (3) reported a case in a Colombian male emigrant with multiple subependymal and intraventricular lesions, concentric blooming artifacts, and moderate hydrocephalus due to intracerebral myiasis. Another case was described by Arocha et al. (4). Central European countries continue to report new cases of imported furunculoid myiasis (5). D. hominis is a fly of the Oestridae family, approximately 1.5 cm long, yellowish-white in color, with a plumose edge (6). Larvae induce erythematous papules that sometimes ulcerate and resemble oils or large pustules, with a central orifice of about 1 mm, representing the larval respiratory pore. The lesions are usually painful (especially when larvae are still present) and pruritic, and produce sensat