Trends in patient outcome over the past two decades following allogeneic stem cell transplantation for acute myeloid leukaemia: an ALWP/EBMT analysis

Background Outcomes for patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) undergoing allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo‐SCT) have significantly improved in recent years. Objectives To assess the incremental improvement of transplanted AML patients in the last two decades. Methods Patients included in this analysis were adult AML patients who underwent allo‐SCT from an HLA‐matched sibling donor (MSD) or HLA‐matched unrelated donor (MUD) in first remission. Patient outcomes were assessed between three cohorts according to the year of transplant (1993–2002, 2003–2007 and 2008–2012). Results The analysis comprised a total of 20 187 patients of whom 4763 were transplanted between 1993 and 2002, 5835 in 2003 and 2007, and 9589 in 2008 and 2012. In multivariate analysis, leukaemia‐free survival (LFS) rates were significantly improved in more recently transplanted patients compared to patients transplanted in 1993–2002 [Hazard ratio (HR) = 0.84, confidence interval (CI) 95%, 0.77–0.92; P = 0.003], a benefit which also extended to improved overall survival (OS; HR = 0.8, CI 95%, 0.73–0.89; P