Prevalence of Diastolic Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Background Diastolic dysfunction is an inability of the ventricle to fill to a normal end-diastolic volume, both during exercise as well as at rest. Diabetes mellitus increases the risk of heart failure even in the absence of other co-morbidities. Objective To find the prevalence of diastolic dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and its association with age, gender, duration, glycosylated hemoglobin levels, dyslipidemia, tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption. Method Ninety patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus of both genders, aged 30 to 60 years, were included in this study. Doppler echocardiography was performed to evaluate diastolic dysfunction. Result The mean age of the study population was 46.21 ± 9.20 yrs. The overall prevalence of diastolic dysfunction in the study population was 47.8%. The prevalence of diastolic dysfunction increases with age: 23.1% in patients of age 30 - 39 yrs to 65.8% in patients of age 50 - 60 yrs (adjusted OR 0.16, 95% CI 0.04 - 0.64, P = 0.010) and with the duration of diabetes: 32.8% in patients with diabetes for 10 yrs (adjusted OR 0.31, 95% CI 0.08 - 1.00, P = 0.05). There was no significant association between diastolic dysfunction and dyslipidaemia, BMI, tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption, HbA1c and gender. Conclusion Prevalence of diastolic dysfunction in type 2 diabetes mellitus was 47.8% in our study. A rising trend of prevalence of diastolic dysfunction with the duration of diabetes and increasing age of patients was observed.