A novel technique for iatrogenic pseudoaneurysm obliteration with ultrasound-guided thrombin foam injection

Iatrogenic pseudoaneurysms (IPA) are treated with ultrasound-guided thrombin injections (UGTI). We describe a novel technique for IPA repair that applies UGTI with thrombin foam (UGTFI). Successful obliteration of 6 IPAs (IPA without a neck, n = 5; with a neck, n = 1) in 6 patients (2 males, aged 68 ± 1 years, 4 females, aged 59 ± 11 years) was performed by using UGTFI. The dose of administered thrombin was 25-75 IU. No microembolization phenomenon and no serious clinical complications were observed. Treatment of IPA with UGTFI may reduce the embolization rate, risk of IPA cavity thrombin leakage, required drug dose. Use of the thrombin foam could be the next step in the development of the UGTI, particularly in the treatment of IPA without a neck.