RETRACTED ARTICLE: Characterization and Evaluation of Mango Germplasm Through Morphological, Biochemical, and Molecular Markers Focusing on Fruit Production: An Overview

Mango is also known as ‘King of Fruits’ and is one of the most popular fruit crops in tropical and sub-tropical regions. Characterization through different markers is an important need for mango germplasm conservation and its utilization for various breeding purposes. Description of existing germplasm is essential to detect anticipated traits or genes. Therefore, different markers are applied. Morphological markers comprise those essential traits which can be recorded through naked eye observation and certainly expressed under different agro-climatic conditions. Biochemical markers are fruit constituents also influenced by various factors including prevailing environmental conditions. Molecular markers are more appropriate for accurate description of germplasm on the basis of genetic make-up. These are effectively used in the development of new cultivars having superior traits. However, management of germplasm requires precise information for utilization in crop improvement programs in the future. Hence, there is an urgent need of integration of scattered information regarding several traits for germplasm description. Therefore, the current review provides a critical overview of parameters for documentation of mango germplasm and identification of desired traits through morphological, biochemical, and molecular markers. Accordingly, desired traits or genes can be used in upcoming breeding programs to enhance mango yield with superior fruit quality.