Group B streptococcus colonisation and associated risk factors among pregnant women: A hospital‐based study and implications for primary care

Summary Background Group B streptococcus (GBS), which asymptomatically colonises the vaginal and rectal areas of women, is a leading cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and factors associated with GBS colonisation among pregnant women in Shenzhen, China. Methods A hospital‐based cross‐sectional survey was conducted, using a multistage sampling method. Pregnant women at ≥28 weeks’ gestation completed a questionnaire and vaginal swabs were obtained for GBS analysis. Data were analysed by chi‐squared tests and logistic regression models. Results The colonisation rate of GBS among pregnant women was 4.9%. The influencing factors associated with GBS colonisation included body mass index before pregnancy (odds ratio [OR] = 3.79, 95% CI 1.28‐11.26), gestational age (OR = 5.81, 95% CI 1.20‐28.15), induced abortion (OR = 0.63, 95% CI 0.40‐0.98) and lotion use before pregnancy (OR = 1.59, 95% CI 1.04‐2.44). Conclusions Our findings suggest that obesity, gestational age, induced abortion and lotion use were significantly associated with GBS colonisation. Further longitudinal research is needed to establish the causal relationship and its biological mechanisms.