What are the current analytical approaches for sediment analysis related to the study of diagenesis? Highlights from 2010 to 2018

This review is aimed at critical analysis of current and emerging capabilities of analytical methods as employed for sediment analysis. An emphasis is given to the most reliable experimental strategies used to acquiring analytical information that is relevant to study the diagenetic processes affecting the composition of sediments. Advanced analytical methodology in use basically rely on the application of mass spectrometry (or a few alternative techniques) to determine various inorganic elements, to measure their isotopic composition, to characterize organic matter, or to identify and quantify its principle components (biomarkers). Also brought into focus are sample preparation techniques which – given the complexity of sediment matrices and the diverse and multiple nature of analytes under scrutiny – are often a key for successful analysis. [Display omitted] •Analytical methods for performing sediment analysis are critically reviewed.•Importance of analytical data for investigating diagenesis processes is highlighted.•Isotope ratios and biomarkers content are most relevant diagenetic proxies.•Sample preparation remains the key point for successful sediment analysis.