Energy access in urban and peri-urban Buenos Aires

This article describes the results of a study on the living conditions and the energy access of the urban poor in Argentina. The study is based on primary data collection among poor inhabitants of Villa Fiorito and Budge, in southern Greater Buenos Aires. These data are complemented by qualitative information. We found a notable absence of appropriate and comprehensive policies both for providing access to clean energy and for securing its affordability. Specifically and going beyond energy aspects, the roots of poverty are related to two unaddressed structural issues: land tenure and the availability of regular employment. Although modern energy sources (LPG and electricity) are broadly used by poor households in Greater Buenos Aires, LPG availability and affordability is found to be a key issue. Compounding fuel availability, another barrier to access can be the high upfront cost of LPG cylinders. Often it is replaced by charcoal and kerosene by poor slum families, and these fuels are dirtier and less efficient, thus increasing energy consumption and possibly even fuel expenditure for cooking. The study attempts to quantify unmet basic energy needs, finding that cooling, lighting, and space-heating have the smallest satisfaction levels. The study found that 54 % of the total surveyed energy expenditure is on cooking fuels. The study revealed some desirable actions and possible substitution between fuels. LPG should replace charcoal for cooking as much as possible, since the former is a cleaner fuel and substantially more energy-efficient. In the longer run, natural gas network connection and a safe and affordable electricity service should be available. Facilitating access to LPG and natural gas through subsidized tariffs and efficient equipment would also trigger a positive impact on the environment, on the quality of life of poor people, and their perception of social inclusion.