Incidence and in‐hospital outcomes of Clostridium difficile infection among type 2 diabetes patients in Spain

Summary Aim To examine incidence and in‐hospital outcomes of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) among patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM); compare clinical variables among T2DM patients with matched non‐T2DM patients hospitalised with CDI and identify factors associated with in‐hospital mortality (IHM) among T2DM patients. Methods We performed a retrospective study using the Spanish National Hospital Discharge Database, 2001‐2015. We included patients that had CDI as primary or secondary diagnosis in their discharge report. For each T2DM patient, we selected a gender, age, readmission status and year‐matched non‐diabetic patient. Results We identified 44 695 patients with CDI (21.19% with T2DM). We matched 3040 and 5987 couples with a primary and secondary diagnosis of CDI, respectively. Incidence of CDI was higher in T2DM patients (IRR per hospital admission 1.12; 95% CI 1.09‐1.14, IRR per population 1.26; 95% CI 1.22‐1.29). IHM decreased over time in T2DM and non‐T2DM patients (from 15.36% and 13.35%, in 2001‐2003 to 10.36% and 11.73% in 2013‐2015), despite a concomitant increase in CDI diagnoses overtime. Among those with CDI as secondary diagnosis IHM was higher in nondiabetic 16.17% than in T2DM patients 13.19% (P