Utility of short-interval follow-up mammography after a benign-concordant stereotactic breast biopsy result

There is currently no clear consensus recommendation for the use of short-interval follow-up mammography after a benign-concordant breast biopsy (BCBB), and practice patterns vary widely. The objectives of this study were to evaluate whether a short-interval follow-up mammogram provided clinical utility after stereotactic BCBB and to examine the costs associated with this surveillance strategy. A retrospective review of women who underwent a stereotactic breast biopsy yielding benign-concordant results between January 2005 and October 2014 was performed to evaluate findings on subsequent imaging, to calculate compliance with recommended short-interval imaging, and to examine whether subsequent imaging revealed an abnormality at the site of the initial stereotactic BCBB. A cost analysis was performed utilizing Medicare reimbursement rates to calculate projected and actual costs of short-interval follow-up imaging after stereotactic BCBB. Of the 470 stereotactic BCBB performed, a short-interval mammogram was completed in 207 (44.0%), 9 (4.3%) of which had suspicious mammographic findings at the initial biopsy site, and 6 subsequently underwent biopsy, with none resulting in malignant or high-risk pathology. The cost of short-interval mammographic follow-up (n = 207) was calculated at $28,541.16. This study provides evidence that 6-month follow-up mammography has low clinical utility and unnecessarily increases costs after stereotactic BCBB. A safe and more cost-effective strategy may be resumption of routine mammography at 12 months post-biopsy. •Only 44% underwent planned mammogram six months after benign breast biopsy.•Short-interval mammogram follow-up identified a new lesion at the biopsy site in 4%.•Biopsy of new findings did not yield any malignant or high-risk lesions.•The significant cost of performing 6-month post-biopsy mammography was unnecessary.