Sclerostin is expressed in the atherosclerotic plaques of patients who undergoing carotid endarterectomy

Background Sclerostin (SC) is a monomeric glycoprotein expressed by osteocytes that affects bone formation. Recent studies have suggested a potential role for this protein in the pathophysiology of vascular diseases. The aim of the present study was to investigate SC expression in atherosclerotic plaques of patients affected by severe atherosclerotic disease who underwent carotid endarterectomy. We also evaluated possible differences in SC expression between patients with and without type 2 diabetes (T2D). Methods This was a cross‐sectional study involving 46 patients aged 55 to 80 years (mean, 71.1 ± 6.7 years, 36 men, 15 patients with T2D) who underwent carotid endarterectomy. Immunohistochemical levels of SC were evaluated in the atherosclerotic plaques by double‐staining immunochemistry, and serum SC levels were evaluated by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Results Sclerostin was present in the atherosclerotic plaques of all subjects investigated and increased significantly in the media compared with the intima (P