Lenticulostriate vasculopathy in preterm infants: a new classification, clinical associations and neurodevelopmental outcome

Objective To examine the inter-rater reliability for the diagnosis of LSV on cranial ultrasound (cUS), determine the risk factors associated with LSV and its progression, and examine neurodevelopmental outcome. Study design Prospective case–control study of neonates ≤32wks of gestation assessed for LSV by serial cUS ( n = 1351) between 2012 and 2014 and their neurodevelopment at 18–36mon-corrected age compared to controls. Results Agreement for LSV on cUS improved from Κappa 0.4–0.7 after establishing definitive criteria and guidelines. BPD was the only variable associated with the occurrence and the progression of LSV. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection occurred in one neonate (1.5%). Neurodevelopmental outcome of neonates with LSV did not differ from controls. Conclusions Establishment of well-defined stages of LSV improves the reliability of the diagnosis and allows identification of neonates with progression of LSV. Although LSV was associated with BPD, it was not associated with congenital CMV infection.