Combined high‐dose intra‐arterial and intrathecal chemotherapy for the treatment of a case of extraocular retinoblastoma

Patients with retinoblastoma and central nervous system (CNS) involvement are rarely curable with available treatments. We designed a high‐dose intra‐arterial regimen targeting the ophthalmic artery and chiasm combined with intrathecal chemotherapy to treat a 4‐year‐old patient with retinoblastoma metastasized to the CNS. After three cycles of this regimen, including carboplatin, melphalan, and intrathecal topotecan, a partial response of the orbital tumor mass and chiasmatic lesion, and complete response in the cerebrospinal fluid and bone marrow were achieved. This new treatment strategy may be explored as a treatment component for patients with overt extraocular retinoblastoma and CNS dissemination.