The associations of selected technical parameters with discus throwing performance: A cross-sectional study

The aim of this study was to identify associations between discus throwing performance and the technical parameters of: hip-shoulder and shoulder-arm separation, trunk forward-backward tilt, and throwing-arm elevation angles. Video data of male and female discus throwers' competitive performances were captured during major competitions. Real-life three-dimensional coordinates of 21 body landmarks, and the discus's centre, were obtained for 94 trials using the direct linear transformation procedure. Each technical parameter was reduced at six critical instants. The trend of each parameter across four standards of performance was analysed separately for both sexes. For the female throwers, hip-shoulder and shoulder-arm separations after the flight phase, as well as forward-backward trunk tilts at the beginning and end of the throwing procedure were associated with performance. For male throwers, only the hip-shoulder separation immediately before the flight phase was associated with performance. These findings suggest that the relationships between technical parameters and discus throwing performance are different for males and females. Our results suggest that elite female discus throwers are reliant on effective technique throughout the throwing procedure to achieve long distances, whereas male discus throwers may have a relatively homogeneous technique, and a dependence on physical strength to achieve their long throws.