6-Shogaol and 6-gingerol, the pungent of ginger, inhibit TNF-α mediated downregulation of adiponectin expression via different mechanisms in 3T3-L1 adipocytes

In this study, we demonstrated that the two ginger-derived components have a potent and unique pharmacological function in 3T3-L1 adipocytes via different mechanisms. Both pretreatment of 6-shogaol (6S) and 6-gingerol (6G) significantly inhibited the tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) mediated downregulation of the adiponectin expression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Our study demonstrate that (1) 6S functions as a PPARγ agonist with its inhibitory mechanism due to the PPARγ transactivation, and (2) 6G is not a PPARγ agonist, but it is an effective inhibitor of TNF-α induced c-Jun-NH 2-terminal kinase signaling activation and thus, its inhibitory mechanism is due to this inhibitory effect.