ThyroSeq ® V2.0 Molecular Testing: A Cost-Effective Approach for the Evaluation of Indeterminate Thyroid Nodules

Approximately 15 to 30% of thyroid nodules have indeterminate cytology. Many of these nodules are treated surgically, but only 5 to 30% are malignant. Molecular testing can further narrow the risk of malignancy of these nodules. Our objective was to assess the cost effectiveness of ThyroSeq V2.0 compared to diagnostic thyroidectomy for the evaluation of indeterminate nodules. Cytology and histopathology slides of Bethesda category III and IV (suspicious for follicular neoplasia [SFN]) nodules obtained between January 1, 2014 and November 30, 2016 were re-reviewed by 2 endocrine cytopathologists. Costs for a diagnostic approach using ThyroSeq were calculated and compared to those of diagnostic thyroidectomy. We included 8 Bethesda category III nodules that underwent ThyroSeq and 8 that underwent diagnostic surgery. Of those submitted for ThyroSeq , 4 were positive for mutations and underwent thyroid surgery. The average cost per nodule evaluated was $14,669 using ThyroSeq , compared to $23,338 for diagnostic thyroid surgery. The cost per thyroid cancer case detected was $58,674 using ThyroSeq compared to $62,233 for diagnostic thyroid surgery. We included 13 nodules Bethesda category IV that underwent ThyroSeq and 11 that underwent diagnostic surgery. Of those submitted for ThyroSeq , 6 were positive for mutation and underwent thyroid surgery. The average costs per nodule evaluated were $14,641 using ThyroSeq and $24,345 using diagnostic thyroidectomy. The cost per thyroid cancer case detected was $31,721 when using ThyroSeq compared to $53,560 for diagnostic thyroidectomy. The use of ThyroSeq® in our institution is cost effective compared to diagnostic thyroid surgery for the evaluation of Bethesda categories III and IV (SFN) nodules. FNA = fine-needle aspiration; GEC = gene expression classifier; NIFTP = noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features; PTC = papillary thyroid cancer; SFN = suspicious for follicular neoplasia.