A New Oil-Based Antigen Delivery Formulation for both Oral and Parenteral Vaccination

The ability of an oil-based carrier vehicle to act as an antigen delivery system via the oral and/or parenteral routes was investigated. The formulation consists of hydrophilic macromolecules (antigens) solubilised in oil phase, in the absence of water, by virtue of being wrapped in a sheath of phospholipid amphiphile. Results obtained demonstrate that the level of mucosal IgA antibodies detected in the stools of mice immunised orally with cholera toxin B fragment (CTB) or E. coli heat-labile toxin (LT) in oil is much higher than the level of IgA produced by mice immunised with CTB or LT alone. In addition, mice immunised orally with Y. pestis antigens (F1 and V) and CTB as immunostimulant in oil produce a significantly increased (p < 0.02) systemic IgG response against both antigens (F1 and V) than mice orally immunised with F1, The Open Pharmacology Journal Volume 2 ISSN: 1874-1436 Antidepressants have different receptor binding profiles, which are related to therapeutic action and adverse drug reactions. We constructed a model to classify antidepressants on the basis of their binding properties of most common transporter- and receptor sites. Receptor binding was quantified by calculating receptor occupancy for the 5-HT (serotonin) reuptake transporter, norepinephrinic reuptake transporter, 5-HT2C-receptor, M3- receptor, H1-receptor and alpha 1- receptor. To identify groups of antidepressants that show similar patterns of receptor occupancy for different receptors, hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and principle component analysis (PCA) were used. In addition, to visualize (a)symmetry between binding profiles of antidepressants, radar plots were constructed. On the basis of both analyses, four clusters of antidepressants which exert similar pharmacological properties were identified. Potentially, this model could be a helpful tool in medical practice and may be used as a prediction model for adverse effects of drugs entering the market.