Improvement of Water Quality by the Macroalga, Gracilaria lemaneiformis (Rhodophyta), near Aquaculture Effluent Outlets

Raft culture of the seaweed, Gracilaria lemaneiformis (Bory) Dawson, was used as biofilter for purifying effluent and removing nutrients from the nearby animal aquaculture. The results showed that the cultivated seaweed grew well outside effluent discharge outlets for growout ponds and a hatchery plant. The biomass (fresh weight) of Gracilaria from the 0.5-ha area outside the growout ponds increased about 60 times, from 80 to 4750 g/m during the 65 d of experiment (with the daily special growth rate [SGR] of 3.87%/d); the yield was 30.4 tons and 93.97 kg N and 12.81 kg P were removed; the seaweed biomass from the 0.2-ha area outside the hatchery outlet increased 37.5 times, from