Dietary cystine is important to maintain plasma mercaptalbumin levels in rats fed low-protein diets

The oxidized/reduced state of plasma albumin in rats is influenced by the quantity of dietary protein. However, the effects of the protein quality on the oxidized/reduced state of plasma albumin are not clear. We hypothesized that the quality of dietary protein might modulate the oxidized/reduced state of plasma albumin. The aim of the present study was to examine whether the amino acid composition of dietary protein modulates the oxidized/reduced state of plasma albumin in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed low-protein diets containing 5% casein (CA), 5% egg white (EW), or 6% wheat gluten (WG) for 2 weeks. The plasma albumin concentration gradually decreased in rats fed each diet; however, there was no significant difference among the groups. In rats fed the 5% CA diet, the percentage of mercaptalbumin within the total plasma albumin was significantly lower than in those fed the EW or WG diet. Compared with EW or WG, CA contains lower amounts of glycine and cystine. In rats fed a 5% CA diet supplemented with cystine, the percentage of mercaptalbumin was significantly higher than that in rats fed a 5% CA diet supplemented with glycine. The expression of hepatic eukaryotic initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 was significantly lower in rats fed the cystine-supplemented diet than in those fed the glycine-supplemented diet. These results suggest that dietary protein with a high cystine content maintains plasma mercaptalbumin levels in rats fed low-protein diets.