Shewanella saliphila sp. nov., Shewanella ulleungensis sp. nov. and Shewanella litoralis sp. nov., isolated from coastal seawater

Three Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped and motile bacterial strains, designated MMS16-UL250 , MMS16-UL253 and MMS16-UL482 , were isolated from coastal seawater and subjected to taxonomic characterization. All isolates grew at 4-30 °C (optimum, 25 °C), at pH 6-10 (pH 7) and in the presence of up to 8 % NaCl (2.5-4.5 %). The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities between the three isolates and Shewanella algicola St-6 , the closest species, were 98.1-99.2 %, and those among the isolates were 98.5-99.0 %. In the phylogenetic tree, MMS16-UL250 formed a cluster with S. algicola St-6 , but the DNA-DNA relatedness between the two strains was 28.8±1.5 %, thus confirming their separation at species level. The other two strains formed separate phylogenetic lines respectively. The main quinones for all strains were Q-7, Q-8, MK-7 and MMK-7, which is typical for Shewanella. The major polar lipids of all strains were phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine, and the common major fatty acid was a summed feature consisting of C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c while the proportions varied among the three strains. The DNA G+C contents of the strains also varied between 42.1 and 43.7 mol%. Phenotypic properties distinguished each strain from S. algicola as well as from one another. Based on the polyphasic analysis, each strain is considered to represent a novel species of Shewanella, for which the names Shewanellasaliphila sp. nov. (type strain, MMS16-UL250 =KCTC 62131 =JCM 32304 ), Shewanella ulleungensis sp. nov. (type strain, MMS16-UL253 =KCTC 62130 =JCM 32305 ) and Shewanella litoralis sp. nov. (type strain, MMS16-UL482 =KCTC 62129 =JCM 32306 ) are proposed.