Chemopreventive effect of sulindac in combination with epigallocatechin gallate or kaempferol against 1,2‐dimethyl hydrazine‐induced preneoplastic lesions in rats: A Comparative Study

A systematic investigation of the chemopreventive effect of sulindac (SL) in combination with either epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) or kaempferol similar (KMP) has been carried out 1,2‐dimethyl hydrazine‐treated rats (DMH). Those SL combinations with KMP and EGCG have enhanced the SL activity producing greater antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, antiproliferating, and apoptotic activities in both combinations than SL alone. The chemopreventive effects of SL with both EGCG and KMP were demonstrated by a decrease in thiobaribituric acid reactive substances level, tissue nitric oxide (NO), serum, and tissue β‐catenin as well as a reduction in the multiplicity of aberrant crypt foci (ACF) with alleviation in the dysplastic changes that resulted from DMH administration. Down‐regulation of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) were also confirmed by immunohistochemical staining. The current study paves the way for the use of sulindac combination with kaempferol or EGCG as potential chemopreventive agents against colon cancer with more effect in combination with EGCG.