A Placebo-Controlled Trial of Valproate for Agitation and Aggression in Alzheimer’s Disease

Background/Aims: To assess the efficacy and tolerability of valproate for the treatment of agitation and aggression in moderate-to-severe Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Methods: This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial of valproate in institutionalized AD patients. Patients were assessed with the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) and Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory at baseline and after 6 weeks of treatment with valproate and placebo, with 2 weeks between phases to allow for placebo washout and tapering. Results: Fourteen patients (8 male/6 female) aged 85.6 ± 4.5 years with baseline Mini Mental State Examination scores of 4.5 ± 4.6 and NPI agitation/aggression scores of 6.4 ± 3.5 were randomized to treatment. NPI agitation/aggression treatment change scores significantly worsened during valproate treatment compared with placebo (Z = –2.03, p = 0.04). Tolerability of valproate was also poor, with patients experiencing a significantly greater mean number of adverse events during valproate therapy compared to placebo (Z = –2.82, p = 0.005). Conclusion: Valproate is not effective for the management of agitation in moderate-to-severe AD, and may be poorly tolerated in this population.