Postnatal Exocrine Pancreas Growth by Cellular Hypertrophy Correlates with a Shorter Lifespan in Mammals

Developmental processes in different mammals are thought to share fundamental cellular mechanisms. We report a dramatic increase in cell size during postnatal pancreas development in rodents, accounting for much of the increase in organ size after birth. Hypertrophy of pancreatic acinar cells involves both higher ploidy and increased biosynthesis per genome copy; is maximal adjacent to islets, suggesting endocrine to exocrine communication; and is partly driven by weaning-related processes. In contrast to the situation in rodents, pancreas cell size in humans remains stable postnatally, indicating organ growth by pure hyperplasia. Pancreatic acinar cell volume varies 9-fold among 24 mammalian species analyzed, and shows a striking inverse correlation with organismal lifespan. We hypothesize that cellular hypertrophy is a strategy for rapid postnatal tissue growth, entailing life-long detrimental effects. [Display omitted] •Mouse pancreatic acinar and beta cells grow dramatically during postnatal life•Acinar cell growth is a major contributor to postnatal pancreas growth in mice•Postnatal growth of the human pancreas relies entirely on increased cell number•Acinar cell size inversely correlates with lifespan among 24 mammalian species Anzi et al. show that postnatal pancreas growth in mice relies to a large extent on cell growth, while human pancreas growth involves only increased cell numbers. Comparative analysis of 24 mammalian species revealed a striking negative correlation between pancreatic acinar cell size and organismal lifespan.