Highly standardized multicolor femtosecond fiber system for selective microphotomanipulation of deoxyribonucleic acid and chromatin

We present a three-color femtosecond Er/Yb:fiber laser enabling highly specific and standardized nonlinear optical manipulation of live cells. The system simultaneously provides bandwidth-limited 80-fs pulses with identical intensity envelope centered at wavelengths of 515, 775, and 1035 nm in the focus of a confocal microscope. We achieve this goal by combining high-order dispersion control via, for example, chirped fiber Bragg gratings with proper bandwidth management in each nonlinear conversion step. Wavelength-selective and noninterfering induction of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) photoproducts and DNA strand breaks, as well as fluorescence photoactivation of a photoactivatable green fluorescent protein (PA-GFP)-histone fusion protein, are demonstrated. The capability to introduce different types of DNA lesions and perform photoswitching experiments in a selective manner is essential for quantitative studies on DNA repair and chromatin dynamics.