Effect of the calcium silicate‐based sealer removal protocols and time‐point of acid etching on the dentin adhesive interface

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects when acid etching on the dentin surface was immediately performed (I) or 7 days (D) after calcium silicate‐based sealer (MTA Fillapex) removal, using 95% ethanol (E) or xylol (X). First study, 60 bovine incisor dentin specimens were impregnated with sealer and divided into six groups (n = 10): (EI), E + I; (XI), X + I; (ED), E + D; (XD), X + D, (UN), untreated and (MR), mechanical removal of sealer. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images (500×) were obtained from each specimen and scores assessed the sealer residues persistence. Second study, 60 specimens were similarly treated; however, the specimens were restored with composite resin after the removal protocols. Hybrid layer formation was evaluated using confocal laser microscopy (1,024×). Third study, 60 specimens were similarly obtained and subjected to micro‐shear test to evaluate the effects of removal protocols on the bond strength of etch‐and‐ rinse adhesive system to dentin. XI showed the highest persistence of sealer residues (p .05). EI showed the greatest hybrid layer extension, except in relation to UN (p