HCV core antigen detection in seropositive samples

Detection of antibodies to HCV is typically the primary test utilized to identify HCV-infected individuals. Seropositive individuals may then be tested for HCV RNA by nucleic acid testing (NAT) to determine if the individual is actively infected with HCV. In addition, NAT assays that are based on quantitation of HCV RNA copies/ml, are utilized to determine the effectiveness of antiviral therapy. Over the last several years, HCV core antigen tests have been developed that have shown utility both for the identifying active HCV infection and for monitoring antiviral therapy. Although these assays are relatively simple and rapid, the HCV core antigen tests have not been widely accepted mostly due to their lack of sensitivity. Recently developed assays have shown improved sensitivity, and may represent an alternative or adjunct to HCV NAT both for identifying active HCV infection and for monitoring antiviral therapy. J. Med. Virol. 79:S52-S53, 2007. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.