Changes in the expression of prostaglandin family members in bovine corpus luteum during the estrous cycle and pregnancy

The aim of this study was to characterize certain prostaglandin family members in the bovine corpus luteum (CL) during the estrous cycle and pregnancy. The CL tissue was assigned to the stages 1–2, 3–4, 5–7, 8–12, 13–16 and >18 days (after regression) of the estrous cycle and 1–2, 3–4, 6–7, and >8 months of pregnancy. In these samples, we investigated prostaglandin F2alpha (PTGF), prostaglandin E2 (PTGE), their receptors (PTGFR, PTGER2, and PTGER4), cyclooxygenase 2 (COX‐2), PTGF synthase (PTGFS), and PTGE synthase (PTGES). The expression of messenger RNA (mRNA) was measured by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction, hormones by enzyme immunoassay, and localization by immunohistochemistry. The mRNA expression of COX‐2, PTGFS, and PTGES in CL during the early‐luteal phase was high followed by a continuous and significant downregulation afterward, as well as during all phases of pregnancy. The concentration of PTGF in CL tissue was high during the early‐luteal phase, decreased significantly in the mid‐luteal phase, and increased again afterward. In contrast, the concentration of PTGE increased significantly during the late‐luteal phase followed by a decrease during regression. The PTGE level increased again during late pregnancy. Immunohistochemically, the large granulose–luteal cells show strong staining for COX‐2 and PTGES during the early‐luteal stage followed by lower activity afterward. During pregnancy, most of the luteal cells were only weakly positive or negative. In conclusion, our results indicate that the examined prostaglandin family members are involved in the local mechanisms that regulate luteal function, specifically during CL formation, function, and regression and during pregnancy in the cow.