Autologous Neurosensory Retinal Transplantation for Unclosed and Large Macular Holes

Purpose: The aim of this study was to demonstrate the surgical technique and clinical outcome of autologous neurosensory retinal patch transplantation for recurrent large macular hole (MH)-induced retinal detachment after failed surgery with internal limiting membrane (ILM) removal or transplantation. Methods: We reviewed 5 patients with recurrent MH-induced retinal detachment after failed surgeries with ILM removal or transplantation who underwent vitrectomy combined with autologous neurosensory retinal patch transplantations and were followed up over 6 months. In the autologous neurosensory retinal patch transplantation procedure, a small piece of neurosensory retina was removed and transplanted inside the MH. The anatomic outcomes of MH-induced retinal detachment were evaluated by fundus examinations and optical coherence tomography. The pre­operative and postoperative best-corrected visual acuities (BCVAs) were compared and the MH closure rates were measured as the main outcomes. Results: A total of 5 patients (3 men and 2 women; average age 35.4 ± 18.72 years) were included in our study. Complete MH sealing was achieved in 5 eyes after autologous neurosensory retinal patch transplantations, and no complications were observed. The mean BCVA was 2.38 ± 0.57 (range 1.6–3) before surgery, and 1.46 ± 0.51 (range 1–2) at 6 postoperative months. There was a significant difference in BCVA before versus after the surgery (p < 0.05, paired t test). Conclusions: Autologous neurosensory retinal patch transplantation is an effective addition to the surgical options for large MH-induced retinal detachment after failed surgery with ILM removal or transplantation.