A Rapid Cyclogenesis Event during GALE IOP 9

A cyclone that developed explosively during Intensive Observation Period (IOP) 9 of the Genesis of Atlantic Lows Experiment (GALE) is studied. Detailed surface analysis is conducted based on operationally available data, late reporting ship observations and GALE special observations to determine the surface storm track and deepening rate. GALE dropsonde and rawinsonde data are used to supplement the normal upper-level database, and are analyzed by a research version of the Navy Operational Regional Analysis and Prediction System (NORAPS) using optimal interpolation analysis. These analyses reveal critical subsynoptic features important in the development. Two surface lows are present during the early coastal development period. The western center is coupled to a mobile 500 mb short-wave trough while the eastern center develops in a strong baroclinic zone offshore. The objective analyses also show a strengthening of a jet streak east of the mobile short wave. The divergent quadrant of this jet streak induces upward vertical motion over the eastern of the two coastal low systems. The rapid development of the eastern center occurs due to the superposition of the upper-level forcing (jet streak) over the low-level perturbation with strong thermal adymion. Dropwindsonde data document the low static stability in the region. NORAPS operational and GALE data forecasts from 1200 UTC 24 February erroneously deepen the western center and result in track errors of 300 to 600 km. The GALE forecast from 0000 UTC 25 February deepens the correct center and makes the best track forecast. All forecasts fail to predict the full extent of the rapid development of this cyclone.