Peyer's patch-specific Lactobacillus reuteri strains increase extracellular microbial DNA and antimicrobial peptide expression in the mouse small intestine

Specific Lactobacillus reuteri is autochthonous Lactobacillus species in humans with potential application in food production as a probiotic. The difference in colonizing Peyer's patches (PP) might decide their health-promoting properties. We aimed to investigate the difference between PP- and lumen-specific L. reuteri on antimicrobial peptide expression in this study. L. reuteri strains were isolated from PP and the lumen of C57BL/6J mice, which were used to treat mice. PP-specific L. reuteri cells stimulate RegIIIγ mRNA expression of the crypt epithelial sample. PP-specific L. reuteri induces accumulation of extracellular DNA (eDNA) in the bottom of crypts. eDNA was extracted from the small-intestinal mucus, the yield of which was significantly increased after the PP-specific L. reuteri treatment. And it increased cytokine production in RAW264.7 murine macrophages. PP-specific L. reuteri significantly increased the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes-, Lactobacillus-, and Proteobacteria-derived eDNA. However, the levels of Strentrophomonas-derived eDNA decreased. These results provide a rationale for the screening of human derived L. reuteri with an immune-modulatory property.