Effects of SO sub(2) on Respiratory System of Adult Miyakejima Resident 2 Years after Returning to the Island

Background: Mt. Oyama in Miyakejima Island erupted in June, 2000. All Miyake villagers were forced to evacuate from the island in September, 2000, due to continuous eruptions and emissions of unsafe amounts of volcanic gas, mainly SO sub(2). From February, 2005, Miyake villagers returned to the island despite volcanic gas still being emitted. Objectives: This study examines the 2-yr changes in Miyake residents' respiratory systems from autumn 2004 to November 2006. Methods: The study population was 823 Miyake adult residents who participated in the health check-up in 2006. Respiratory effects were evaluated by a questionnaire for respiratory symptoms and spirometry. SO sub(2) has been continuously monitored at 7 sampling points of the inhabited area. The mean SO sub(2) concentration from February 2005 to November 2006 was 0.031 . The area was categorized into 4 areas by SO sub(2) concentration, namely, areas L, H-1, H-2 and H-3, where average SO sub(2) concentrations were 0.019, 0.026, 0.032, and 0.045 , respectively. Results: The study subjects showed no deterioration in lung function. Prevalence of cough and phlegm among all participants were significantly higher in 2006 than in 2004, and age-, sex- and smoking-adjusted odds ratios of cough and phlegm were 1.75 (95%CI 1.33- 2.30) and 1.44 (1.12-1.87). Prevalence of chronic bronchitis-like symptoms among normosusceptive subjects in 2006 was 4.1% which was significantly higher than that of 2.1% in 2004 (p=0.035). Compared to area L, the frequencies of phlegm and irritation of the nose were significantly increased in areas H-2 and H-3. Conclusion: SO sub(2) exposure-related respiratory symptoms were observed in adult Miyakejima residents after returning to the island.