Effect of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy in open flap debridement in the treatment of peri-implantitis: A randomized controlled trial

•aPDT as an adjunct to open flap debridement in peri-implantitis was assessed.•At baseline, PI, BOP, PD and MBL were comparable among individuals in both groups.•There was no difference in PI, BOP, PD and MBL in both groups at follow-up.•Single application of aPDT did not show additional benefit in the treatment of peri-implantitis. To evaluate the effects of single application of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) as an adjunct to open flap debridement (OFD) and OFD alone in patients with peri-implantitis (PI). Twenty four patients with PI were divided into 2 groups receiving aPDT with OFD and OFD alone respectively. Peri-implant plaque index (PI), bleeding on probing (BOP), pocket depth (PD) and marginal bone level (MBL) were assessed at baseline, 6 and 12 months post-therapy. Digital periapical radiographs were taken and viewed on a calibrated computer screen using a software for the assessment of MBL. Only single implant from each patient was included in the study protocol (intent to treat analysis). At baseline, peri-implant PI, BOP, PD and MBL were comparable among individuals in aPDT and OFD groups. All patients had localized peri-implant PD ≥5 mm. At 6 months, aPDT and OFD significantly reduced peri-implant PI, BOP, PD and MBL. Similarly, after 12 months post-therapy, both groups reduced PI, BOP, PD and MBL. However, there was no significant difference between aPDT and OFD groups over time. Single application of aPDT as an adjunct to OFD does not provide additional benefit in improving clinical and radiographic peri-implant parameters in peri-implantitis.