Expression of granulosa cell microRNAs, AVEN and ATRX are associated with human blastocyst development

A greater understanding of the key molecules associated with embryo development during human‐assisted reproduction is imperative for the development of advanced diagnostics. Previous studies have shown that follicular microRNAs (miRNAs) are reliable markers of the polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). Leveraging the utility of miRNAs in PCOS, the aim of this study was to identify miRNAs in human granulosa cells that may be indicative of blastocyst development. Granulosa cells and oocytes were collected from the first follicle aspirated from patients undergoing oocyte retrieval for in vitro fertilization or intracytoplasmic sperm injection. The development of isolated oocytes was recorded, and granulosa cell samples in this study were separated as follows. Group 1—BLAST: granulosa cells from follicles containing an oocyte that fertilized and developed into a blastocyst, and Group 2—FERT: granulosa cells from oocytes that fertilized but failed to reach blastocyst. A panel of 84 miRNAs, related to development and cellular differentiation, was assessed between the two groups using a miScript PCR array. Fourteen miRNAs and one snoRNA were differentially expressed between the groups. In addition, two downstream candidate protein biomarkers, ATRX and AVEN, were also found to be differentially expressed between the groups. The findings of this pilot study reveal follicular abnormalities on a molecular level, which may affect oocyte competence and its potential to develop successfully as an embryo. We encourage additional studies to confirm and expand on our findings and to determine the usefulness of granulosa‐borne miRNAs, ATRX, and AVEN as biomarkers.