Morphology and texture of particles along the Spirit rover traverse from sol 450 to sol 745

We quantified and classified the shape, roundness, size, and texture of 935 loose surface particles along the Spirit rover traverse from sols 450–745 to assess origin, transport, and other alteration mechanisms that altered particles during and after formation. Variation in particle morphologic parameters along traverse is consistent with crossing mapped geologic unit boundaries. Texture is divided into four types: vesicular, smooth and flat‐faceted, rough and flat‐faceted, and very rough. Sphericity and roundness are intermediate and low, respectively, comparable to particles moved by high‐energy transport or to crushed particles. This indicates intermittent, high‐energy emplacement or modification of a single lithology, rather than systematic, continuous low‐energy abrasion or wear over time. Comparison with particle morphology at other Mars landing sites is consistent with the hypothesis that no secondary systematic transport or wide‐scale chemical alteration was active at a significant enough level to alter macromorphology. In particular, particle morphology at the Mars Pathfinder site shows stronger evidence of abrasion than along the Spirit traverse, suggesting Mars Pathfinder particles have undergone abrasion processes that particles in this study area have not. Additionally, morphology indices have correlation coefficients near zero, indicating that a fluvial transport mechanism is likely not responsible for morphology. Morphology and texture are instead related to origin and composition rather than subsequent modification. Morphology and texture support a volcanic origin, possibly without modification, but most likely altered primarily by ballistic impact, implying that the Spirit landing site and traverse may be utilized in the future as a standard site for characterization of impact‐derived morphology.